Abigail Dane Faulkner - Salem Witch Trials

Abigail Dane Faulkner - Salem Witch Trials Abigail Dane Faulkner Facts Known for:  convicted and sentenced but never executed  in the 1692  Salem witch trials; her pregnancy led to her sentence being suspendedOccupation:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"goodwife† - homemakerAge at time of Salem witch trials:  Dates:  October 13, 1652 – February 5, 1730Also known as: Abigail Faulkner Sr., Abigail Faulkner, Dane was also spelled Dean or Deane, Faulkner was also spelled Forknor or Falkner Family, Background: Mother: Elizabeth Ingalls Father: Rev. Francis Dane (1651 – 1732), son of Edmund Faulkner and Dorothy Raymond Husband: Francis Faulkner (Lieutenant), from another prominent Andover family, married October 12, 1675 Siblings: Hannah Dane (1636 – 1642), Albert Dane (1636 – 1642), Mary Clark Dane Chandler (1638 – 1679, 7 children, 5 alive in 1692), Elizabeth Dane Johnson (1641 – 1722), Francis Dane (1642 – before 1656), Nathaniel Dane (1645 – 1725, married to Deliverance Dane), Albert Dane (1645 - ?), Hannah Dane Goodhue (1648 – 1712), Phebe Dane Robinson (1650 – 1726) Children: Elizabeth, 1676 - 1678Elizabeth, 1678 - 1735, married John BurtrickPaul, 1680 – 1749, married Sarah Lamson and Hannah SheffieldDorothy, 1680 - 1740, married Samuel NurseAbigail, 1683 - 1746, married Thomas LamsonFrances, 1686 - 1736, married Daniel FaulknerEdmund, 1688 - 1731, married Elizabeth Marston, then Dorcas Buckston, then Dorothy RobinsonAmmi Ruhamah (â€Å"my people have obtained mercy†), March 20, 1693 - 1756, married Hannah Ingalls Her grandson Francis Faulkner fought in the Battle of Concord during the American Revolution, and was in charge of the regiment guarding prisoner of war General John Burgoyne. Abigail Dane Faulkner Before the Salem Witch Trials Francis Faulkner’s father in 1675 bequeathed his estate to his eldest son, Francis, the same year that Francis and Abigail married, when Abigail was 23 years old. The father died in 1687, and Francis inherited most of the rest of the estate, with only a small portion given to his sisters and brothers.   Thus Francis and Abigail were quite wealthy while young, and possibly envied by neighbors. Soon after his father died in 1687, Francis became very ill. He was afflicted with convulsions and mental symptoms affecting memory, leaving him often confused.   Abigail, then in her mid-30s, was therefore in control of the land, property and operation of the family farm. Abigail’s father had been the Andover minister for over 40 years when the trials began.   He had spoken against the likelihood of another charge of witchcraft in 1658. In the 1680s, he had successfully sued Andover residents in a salary dispute. Abigail Dane Faulkner and the Salem Witch Trials Rev. Dane is said to have criticized the witch accusations early in the proceedings in 1692.   This may have put his family members at risk. On August 10, Abigail Faulkner’s niece, Elizabeth Johnson Jr., was arrested and confessed. In her confession the next day, she mentioned using a poppet to afflict others.    Abigail was then arrested on August 11 and taken to Salem. She was examined by Jonathan Corwin, John Hathorne and Captain John Higginson. She was accused by Ann Putnam, Mary Warren and others. William Barker Sr. also accused Abigail and her sister, Elizabeth Johnson Sr., of enticing him to sign the devil’s book; he had named George Burroughs as the ringleader. George Burroughs was among those hanged on August 19.   Abigail refused to confess, saying the devil must be afflicting the girls, who reacted with fits when she was examined. On August 29, an arrest warrant was issued for Elizabeth Johnson Sr., Abigail’s sister, and Elizabeth’s daughter Abigail Johnson, eleven. Elizabeth’s son Stephen (14) may also have been arrested at that time. On August 30, Abigail Faulkner Sr. was  examined  in prison. She admitted to having had ill will towards the crowd of neighbors who taunted her niece, Elizabeth Johnson Jr., when she was arrested. The next day her sister Elizabeth was examined. She asserted that Abigail, who was also in court, would tear her to pieces if she confessed.   Elizabeth Sr. accused several others as witches as well, including saying that she was afraid that her son Stephen was also a witch. On August 31, both sisters, Abigail Faulkner and Elizabeth Johnson, confessed, including to have inflicted Martha Sprague. Abigail and her son both described a gathering where they were baptized by the devil.   Rebecca Eames  was also examined, a second time, and implicated Abigail Faulkner among others. Abigail’s nephew Stephen was examined on September 1; he confessed. Somewhere around September 8, two of the afflicted girls were called to Andover to determine the cause of an illness afflicting Joseph Ballard and his wife.   Neighbors were tested by blindfolding them and placing their hands on the afflicted persons; Deliverance Dane, a sister-in-law of Abigail Faulkner married to her brother Nathaniel Dane, was among those arrested and taken to Salem, where they confessed under pressure, still in shock at their arrest.   When they tried to recant, they were reminded that Samuel Wardwell had renounced his confession of September 1 and was later in September convicted and condemned to be executed.   A fragment of a record about Deliverance Dane’s confession is all the record that can be found of this; that confession under examination was on September 8. On September 16, Abigail Dane Faulkner’s daughter, Abigail Faulkner Jr., age nine, was accused. She and her sister Dorothy, twelve, were examined and confessed.   They stated that their mother had brought them to witchcraft, and named others: â€Å"thire mother apared and mayd them witches and also marth [a] Tyler Johanah Tyler: and Sarih Willson and Joseph draper all acknowlidge that they ware lead into that dradfull sin of witchcrift by hir meanse.† The next day, September 17, the court convicted Abigail Dane Faulkner, along with Rebecca Eames, Ann Foster, Abigail Hobbs, Mary Lacey, Mary Parker, Wilmott Redd, Margaret Scott and Samuel Wardwell, and they were condemned to be executed. On September 18, Ann Putnam testified to being afflicted by Abigail Faulkner Sr. on August 9.   A jury found Abigail guilty of afflicting Martha Sprague and Sarah Phelps, and condemned her to execution.   Abigail was pregnant, so the sentence was delayed. Martha Corey,  Mary Easty, Alice Parker, Mary Parker, Ann Pudeator, Wilmott Redd, Margaret Scott and Samuel Wardwell were hanged for witchcraft on September 22. It was the last hanging in the Salem witch trials. The  Court of Oyer and Terminer  stopped meeting. Abigail Faulkner Sr.  After the Trials Dorothy Faulkner and Abigail Faulkner Jr. were released on recognizance on October 6 to the care of John Osgood Sr. and Nathaniel Dane, Abigail Dane Faulkner’s brother.   On the same date, Stephen Johnson, Abigail Johnson and Sarah Carrier were released.   Each release cost 500 pounds. On October 18, 25 citizens, including Rev. Francis Dane, wrote a letter condemning the trials, addressed to the governor and the General Court. Abigail Dane Faulkner petitioned the governor for clemency in October.   He had her released her from prison.   She claimed that her husband’s illness and gotten worse and that no one could watch their children. In early January, Abigail’s father, the Rev. Francis Dane, wrote to fellow ministers that, knowing the people of Andover where he served as senior minister, I believe many innocent persons have been accused and imprisoned. He denounced the use of spectral evidence. A similar missive signed by 41 men and 12 women of Andover was sent to the Salem court. Several of Rev. Danes family had been accused and imprisoned, including two daughters, a daughter-in-law and several grandchildren. Two of his family members, his daughter Abigail Faulkner and his granddaughter Elizabeth Johnson, Jr., had been sentenced to death. Another undated petition to the Salem court of Assize, probably from January, is on record from more than 50 Andover â€Å"neighbors† on behalf of Mary Osgood, Eunice Fry, Deliverance Dane, Sarah Wilson Sr. and Abigail Barker, asserting their innocence, good character and piety, and protesting the pressure placed on them to confess. A petition dated March 18 was submitted by residents of Andover, Salem Village and Topsfield on behalf of Rebecca Nurse, Mary Easty, Abigail Faulkner, Mary Parker, John and Elizabeth Proctor, Elizabeth How and Samuel and Sarah Wardwell – all but Abigail Faulkner, Elizabeth Proctor and Sarah Wardwell had been executed – asking the court to exonerate them for the sake of their relatives and descendants.   Among those who signed were Francis and Abigail Faulkner and Nathaniel and Francis Dane (see timeline for the complete list of signers). On March 20, 1693, Abigail gave birth to her last child, and named him Ammi Ruhamah, meaning â€Å"my people have obtained mercy,† in honor of her release from her conviction and escape from execution. In 1700, Abigail’s daughter, Abigail Faulkner Jr., asked the Massachusetts General Court to reverse her conviction.   In March of 1703 (then called 1702), residents of Andover, Salem Village and Topsfield petitioned on behalf of Rebecca Nurse, Mary Easty, Abigail Faulkner, Mary Parker, John and Elizabeth Proctor, Elizabeth How and Samuel and Sarah Wardwell – all but Abigail Faulkner, Elizabeth Proctor and Sarah Wardwell had been executed – asking the court to exonerate them for the sake of their relatives and descendants. In June of 1703, Abigail Faulkner petitioned the court in Massachusetts to exonerate her of the charge of witchcraft. The court agreed, ruling that spectral evidence could no longer be considered, and ruled that a bill of attainder be drawn up to reverse her conviction.   In May of 1709, Francis Faulkner joined with Philip English and others to submit yet another petition on behalf of themselves and their relatives, to the Governor and the General Assembly of Massachusetts Bay Province, asking for reconsideration and remuneration.   (Given Francis’ illness, it is possible that Abigail Faulkner actually arranged his participation.) 1711: The  legislature of the Province of Massachusetts Bay  restored all rights to those who had been accused in the 1692 witch trials. Included were Abigail Faulkner, George Burroughs, John Proctor, George Jacob, John Willard, Giles and  Martha Corey,  Rebecca Nurse,  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How,  Mary Easty, Sarah Wilds, Abigail Hobbs, Samuel Wardell, Mary Parker,  Martha Carrier, Anne Foster, Rebecca Eames, Mary Post, Mary Lacey, Mary Bradbury and Dorcas Hoar. Motives Motives for accusing Abigail Faulkner could include her position of wealth and the fact that, as a woman, she had unusual control over property and wealth.   Motives could also include her father’s known critical attitude towards the trials; in all, he had two daughters, a daughter-in-law and five grandchildren caught up in the accusations and trails. Abigail Dane Faulkner in  The Crucible Abigail and the rest of the Andover Dane extended family are not characters in Arthur Miller’s play about the Salem witch trials, The Crucible. Abigail Dane Faulkner in  Salem, 2014 series Abigail and the rest of the Andover Dane extended family are not characters in the Salem TV series.

Definition of Gothic Literature

Definition of Gothic Literature In the most general terms,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Gothic literature can be defined as writing that employs dark and picturesque scenery, startling and melodramatic narrative devices, and an overall atmosphere of exoticism, mystery, fear, and dread. Often, a Gothic novel or story will revolve around a large, ancient house that conceals a terrible secret or that serves as the refuge of an especially frightening and threatening character. Despite the fairly common use of this bleak motif, Gothic writers have also used supernatural elements, touches of romance, well-known historical characters, and travel and adventure narratives to entertain their readers. The type is a subgenre of Romantic literature- thats Romantic the period, not romance novels with breathless lovers with wind-swept hair on their paperback covers- and much fiction today stems from it. Development of the Genre Gothic literature developed during the Romantic period in Britain; the first mention of Gothic, as pertaining to literature, was in the subtitle of Horace Walpoles 1765 story The Castle of Otranto: A Gothic Story which, the British Library says, was meant by the author as a subtle joke. When he used the word it meant something like ‘barbarous,’ as well as ‘deriving from the Middle Ages.’ In the book, its purported that the story was an ancient one, then recently discovered. But thats just part of the tale. The supernatural elements in the story, though, launched a whole new genre, which took off in Europe. Then Americas Edgar Allen Poe got a hold of it in the mid-1800s and succeeded like no one else. In Gothic literature, he found a place to explore psychological trauma, the evils of man, and mental illness. Any modern-day zombie story, detective story, or Stephen King novel owes a debt to Poe. There may have been successful Gothic writers before and after him, but no one perfected the genre quite like Poe. Major Gothic Writers A few of the most influential and popular 18th-century Gothic writers were Horace Walpole (The Castle of Otranto, 1765), Ann Radcliffe (Mysteries of Udolpho, 1794), Matthew Lewis  (The Monk,  1796), and Charles Brockden Brown (Wieland, 1798). The genre continued to command a large readership well into the 19th century, first as Romantic authors such as Sir Walter Scott (â€Å"The Tapestried Chamber, 1829) adopted Gothic conventions, then later as Victorian writers such as Robert Louis Stevenson (The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, 1886) and Bram Stoker (Dracula, 1897) incorporated Gothic motifs in their stories of horror and suspense. Elements of Gothic fiction are prevalent in several of the acknowledged classics of 19th-century literature, including Mary Shelleys Frankenstein (1818), Nathaniel Hawthornes The House of the Seven Gables (1851), Charlotte Brontà «s Jane Eyre (1847), Victor Hugos The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831 in French), and many of the tales written by Edgar Allan Poe (â€Å"The Murders in the Rue Morgue,† 1841; The Tell-Tale Heart, 1843). Similarities With Gothic Architecture   There are important, though not always consistent, connections between Gothic literature and Gothic architecture. Gothic structures, with their abundant carvings, crevices, and shadows, can conjure an aura of mystery and darkness and often served as appropriate settings in Gothic literature for the mood conjured up there. Gothic writers tended to cultivate those emotional effects in their works, and some of the authors even dabbled in architecture. Horace Walpole also designed a whimsical, castle-like Gothic residence called Strawberry Hill. Influence on Todays Fiction Today, Gothic literature has been replaced by ghost and horror stories, detective fiction, suspense and thriller novels, and other contemporary forms that emphasize mystery, shock, and sensation. While each of these types is (at least loosely) indebted to Gothic fiction, the Gothic genre was also appropriated and reworked by novelists and poets who, on the whole, cannot be strictly classified as Gothic writers. In the novel Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen affectionately showcased the misconceptions and immaturities that could be produced by misreading Gothic literature. In experimental narratives such The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom! William Faulkner transplanted Gothic preoccupations- threatening mansions, family secrets, doomed romance- to the American South. And in his multigenerational chronicle One Hundred Years of Solitude, Gabriel Garcà ­a Mrquez constructs a violent, dreamlike narrative around a family house that takes on a dark life of its own.

The Effect of Education on Economics Growth Literature review - 1

The Effect of Education on Economics Growth - Literature review Example Education is seen to play a key role in the economic growth of a country. It is also of benefit to both the individual and the society. Education benefits the individual in that it presents him with more opportunities when it comes to employment. The individual is therefore able to enjoy a higher income than he would have if he did not have an education. Barro (2003 p1) most of the studies that have been done on the impact of education on the economy agree that the investment in education has a great impact on the economic development of a country. The studies also agree that the investment at all levels of education leads to greater economic growth and has benefits for both the individual and the society or the country. The studies have also been focused on the effect that the investment on education and the government policies have had on the economy. Woessman (2002 and 2003) proposes that most of the questions on the impact of education are based from the dimension of human capital needs. For the different countries in the world, both the developing and the developed countries, to achieve economic competitiveness they must invest in their education. Education should therefore be viewed as an investment to the economy. According to Conrad (2011, p278) education plays the essential part in a country’s economy. This is because it (education) supplies the human capital in the country. The investment that the government makes at the different levels of education is therefore dependent on the amount of investment that a government makes at the different levels of education(primary, secondary and tertiary). The human capital that is available at different countries has an impact on the economy of the country.

Environmental Footprint Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental Footprint - Essay Example However, the presence of either infection threatened the existence of the other one, such that the presence of coliforms seemed to reduce high standard plate counts and vice versa. Findings showed major causes for this contamination to be the seepage of surface-water through weakened walls of private wells, aquifer pollution during cold weathers and the poor controls over microbial redevelopment through chlorination during summers. We recommend that there must be close surveillance and periodic or seasonal testing of water supplies, especially through private routes. Additionally, masses must be educated regarding potential risks of infections and precautionary measures that must be taken in order to mitigate possibilities of drinking water contamination. Introduction Drinking water is said to be contaminated if it exhibits concentration of 4 coliforms per 100 ml of water. Although, former researches have revealed that 90% of rural drinking water supplies are contaminated with colifo rms, much work needs to done in this area to resolve conclusions that are backed up by strong evidences (Stukel et al., pp. 571). Contamination of drinking water through coliform, Staphylococcus aureus and standard plate count bacteria has been a prime concern of regulatory authorities and public at large in recent years due to significant number of casualties in this regard. As a result, various studies have been conducted to address these concerns, including a popular experimentation study by Sandhu, whereby correlation of coliform bacteria with characteristics of supply source and pH strengths of water was tested (Sandhu et al., pp. 774). Another study was conducted by Whitsell and Hutchison, indicating most significant dangers linked with coliform-containing contaminated water supply to households (Whitsell & Hutchison, pp. 777). In a more recent research, the relationship between coliform contamination and rainfall was studied through experimentation, targeting drinking water s ystems of smaller communities (Stukel et al., pp. 571). Much experimentation has been done in this area in the past; however, most of them focused on municipal supplies of drinking water to address a greater risk since the majority of population use public water supply rather than private. Surprisingly, of the reported contamination cases and waterborne diseases to date, 69% of affected households were using private supplies (Lamka et al., pp. 734). This study is intended to highlight frequency and magnitude of contamination of drinking water raised from private wells and springs that reaches millions of households. It will also be aimed at verifying our initial thesis that drinking water contamination mainly stems from usage of untreated groundwater and poorly maintained private wells. The details of experimentation have been discussed in areas to follow. Materials and Methods Our experimentation was outdoors-based and the most difficult task was to locate an area that will be most favorable for our experimentation and capable of generating appropriate results on a timely basis. The land selected for our experiment contained rich and deep soils with weathered basalt bedrock lying beneath it. A sample of 78 households was selected neighboring around this study area. Majority of these

Three Paintings of the Baroque Period Essay Example for Free

Three Paintings of the Baroque Period Essay Three works of art—particularly painting—that was produced during the Baroque period of the 17th century, includes the painting of Alonso Cano (1652) entitled ‘The Dead Christ Supported by an Angel’; the work of art produced by Francisco de Zurbaran (1660) entitled ‘The Painter Before Christ Crucified’; as well as the painting done by Juan de Valdà ©s Leal (1661) entitled ‘Christ Bearing the Cross’.   The way they portrayed the suffering of Christ has something to do with their philosophy, as well as the nature of their environment. Main Body   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first painting done by Alonso Cano (1652) entitled ‘The Dead Christ Supported by an Angel’ portrays the spirit of Christ after His death on the Mount of Calvary.   This painting shows the spirit of Christ, sitting on a rock with his face down and an angel standing and supporting His shoulders.   The color of the sky tells that it is sunrise, and mountains are being shown with a road and a bush that are illuminated by the light.    On the ground, at the right side of His feet, is a basin of water, where light is also being reflected.   Expressing the Baroque style, this painting uses emotion as well as ambiguity, as Cano (1652) uses subtle and rounded forms, with harmonious colors that can also be described as subtle.   It uses ‘Tenebrism’, with dark colors and tones, and shades that can be described as obscure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second painting done by Francisco de Zurbaran (1660) entitled ‘The Painter Before Christ Crucified’ shows a painter who is standing right in front of the cross, looking upward, with an idealizing expression, at the face of Christ.   His right hand is on the middle front of his chest, and his left hand holds some kind of a red rose that is partly subdued in darkness.   With the black background, there is plainness, grace, as well as mystery in the way Zurbaran (1660) portrayed the two beings.    There is intensity and naturalism in the colors and shades that were used.   Although the picture appears to be realistic in form with a bit of parallelism in the lines and shapes, the two bodies glow in the dark, without much precision on where the light comes from.   The art uses Tenebrism, using dark shades and tones, and with obscure implications that form an emotional sense of a drama.   It shows both the excellence and imperfection of the human sight (Web Gallery of Art, n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, the painting entitled ‘Christ Bearing the Cross’ done by Juan de Valdà ©s Leal (1661) portrays Christ while carrying His cross.   With a dramatic representation of the event, a muscular man at His left whips Him down, while at the right side behind Him are the weeping women of Jerusalem.   In front of Him, at His left side, is a high priest standing and with an expression that is solemn and contented. At the back are two soldiers, rocks, and a tree—with a background that is dark, obscure, and gloomy.   The style is Baroque, as it uses dark colors, shades, and tones, with an obscure implication and a sense of drama attached to the painting.   However, it can also be an earlier representation of ‘Romanticism’ (Web Gallery of Art, n.d.), as it uses dynamic and impetuous forms, colors, and shades, with a touch of violence, energy, and the use of the asymmetry.     Colors used are dark and morose.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To define the painters’ form of art is to define the trends and their philosophies of art.   During the time of Cano (1652), his life in Andalusia, Spain brought him to the religious, Christian culture, where beliefs in Christ and the Bible made him express love and beauty by using shades and colors that dwell in harmony.   He expressed the suffering Christ in a scene that has already finished the tragic part of the death and the suffering. He dwelt more on the beauty of Christ by using smoother colors and forms, and a tranquil shade of light.   His expression of the need for harmony, smooth blending, beauty, and a naturalistic effect may have been due to the event that Andalusia was experiencing some migratory trends from the Muslim (Andalusian people, n.d.).   Having been witnessed personally how Muslims were forcibly expelled from their homeland, he rather focused on the serenity after the death and crucifixion of Christ†¦ especially that Christ Himself was expelled by His own people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for Zurbaran (1660), he lived in Estremadura, Portugal, and learned to portray effects that are natural, austere, with certain simplicity and a grace that clearly revealed his emotions.   The purity that is shown in his paintings may have been a personal longing for peace and harmony especially that, at the time the painting was done, The Battle of the Lines was occurring between Spain and Portugal (Battle of the lines of Elvas, n.d.)   As seen in the painting, Zurabaran (1660) is seen to be alone with Christ.   The whole scene is covered in black†¦ probably to cover all evil and violence that were taking place within the area.   As he was experiencing an inner crisis (Web Gallery of Art, n.d.), which internally made him wish for a miracle and a blessing, he focused, rather, on Christ as the sole savior of the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, when it comes to Valdà ©as Leal (1661), his being Spanish at a time when his country was becoming less and less powerful made way for expressions of pessimism, boldness, and vigor that made his painting dark, violent, and morose.   That time of Spain was full of wars, difficulties, and crisis; yet it was only the beginning of Spain’s exertion.   As a result, Valdà ©as Leal (1661) depicted the suffering of Christ at a time when His suffering is just starting to get worse†¦ and the cross is becoming heavier with each step.   Colors portray dark and gloomy shades and patterns that restate wars, conflicts, and violence of the age.   The weeping women in the painting show the middle class, who were usually the sufferers of the community.   The high priest, on the other hand, portrays the Church that did not really experience much of the difficulties.   Obscurity may be the effect of a confused emotion. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The portrayal of a painting has something to do with both the philosophy of the artist and the nature of the surrounding environment.   Despite the similarity of the theme, each painter has his or her own way of expressing the subject.   Based on what the painter would want to focus on, or how he or she would want to portray the event or emotion, philosophy and environment reflect the finished product that is solely unique, majestic, and from within. References Andalusian people.   Retrieved March 10, 2008, from the Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia database: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusian_people. Battle of the lines of Elvas.   (n.d.).   Retrieved March 10, 2008, from the Wikipedia Online Encyclopedia database: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Lines_of_Elvas. Web Gallery of Art.   (n.d.).   Baroque painting: the golden age.   Retrieved March 10, 2008, from its official database: http://www.wga.hu/tours/spain/p_17.html.

Character Moral Deficiencies in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

â€Å"All the world's a stage / And all the men and women merely players.† This quote from William Shakespeare compares the world to a stage and life to a play where men and women are just actors playing their role. This message is not so different from F. Scott Fitzgerald's in his novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). The wealthy characters in The Great Gatsby are Shakespeare’s players; and the Valley of Ashes is part of his stage, where the awful consequences of their moral deficiencies are played out. The Valley of Ashes is a desolate area of land which is covered by ashes dumped by industrial companies; it is described as a â€Å"fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat† (Fitzgerald 24). Beneath the ashes, George and Myrtle Wilson make their meager living by running a gas station next to a billboard advertising an oculist business in Queens. This billboard has two eyes looking out over the Valley of Ashes, seemingly watching and judging the characters who pass t hrough. Here in the Valley of Ashes, the stage is set on which the superficial and material-driven characters can display their selfishness. Furthermore, the effects of their immorality are exemplified as well. Fitzgerald develops the symbol of the Valley of Ashes to strengthen the thematic idea of the effects of utter corruption and selfishness in The Great Gatsby; this can be expressed through the scandalous affair of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, the tragic murder of Myrtle Wilson, and George Wilson's pronounced rage. Tom Buchanan, Daisy’s immensely wealthy husband, has no moral reservations about his own extramarital affair with Myrtle who lives in the Valley of Ashes. The affair begins from an innocent train ride, but Tom's own lack of moral standards contribute to the ... ...by the mind—they do not possess any inherent meaning; rather, people invest them with meaning. Fitzgerald uses the symbol of the Valley of Ashes to further analyze the thematic idea of corruption and selfishness in The Great Gatsby. Multiple events occur in the Valley of Ashes throughout the novel, three of which exemplify Fitzgerald's theme very well: the amoral affair of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, the murder of Myrtle Wilson, and George Wilson's manifested rage. Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2013. Print. Character Moral Deficiencies in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald â€Å"All the world's a stage / And all the men and women merely players.† This quote from William Shakespeare compares the world to a stage and life to a play where men and women are just actors playing their role. This message is not so different from F. Scott Fitzgerald's in his novel, The Great Gatsby (1925). The wealthy characters in The Great Gatsby are Shakespeare’s players; and the Valley of Ashes is part of his stage, where the awful consequences of their moral deficiencies are played out. The Valley of Ashes is a desolate area of land which is covered by ashes dumped by industrial companies; it is described as a â€Å"fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat† (Fitzgerald 24). Beneath the ashes, George and Myrtle Wilson make their meager living by running a gas station next to a billboard advertising an oculist business in Queens. This billboard has two eyes looking out over the Valley of Ashes, seemingly watching and judging the characters who pass t hrough. Here in the Valley of Ashes, the stage is set on which the superficial and material-driven characters can display their selfishness. Furthermore, the effects of their immorality are exemplified as well. Fitzgerald develops the symbol of the Valley of Ashes to strengthen the thematic idea of the effects of utter corruption and selfishness in The Great Gatsby; this can be expressed through the scandalous affair of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, the tragic murder of Myrtle Wilson, and George Wilson's pronounced rage. Tom Buchanan, Daisy’s immensely wealthy husband, has no moral reservations about his own extramarital affair with Myrtle who lives in the Valley of Ashes. The affair begins from an innocent train ride, but Tom's own lack of moral standards contribute to the ... ...by the mind—they do not possess any inherent meaning; rather, people invest them with meaning. Fitzgerald uses the symbol of the Valley of Ashes to further analyze the thematic idea of corruption and selfishness in The Great Gatsby. Multiple events occur in the Valley of Ashes throughout the novel, three of which exemplify Fitzgerald's theme very well: the amoral affair of Tom Buchanan and Myrtle Wilson, the murder of Myrtle Wilson, and George Wilson's manifested rage. Work Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Scribner, 2013. Print.

Different Types Of Play Essay

1. The materials used in play, what the benefits are and examples. Creative play is when children use their imagination and artistic skills to create what they want whilst doing activities such as painting, drawing, sticking, cutting and play dough. The materials that are used in this play are colouring pencils, scissors, glue, paper, crayons, stamps, aprons, feathers and paints. Creative play helps develop math skills because when they are sticking they are seeing a variety of different shapes and sizes and get a basic understanding of this. When children are being creative they are using and developing their fine motor skills, they are doing this by participating in activities such as painting, cutting and drawing. Children are expressing themselves in creative play using materials other than words and they can work together and socialise in the activities this will help build relationships with other children. Pretend play is what kids do to learn about their world and understand how to interact with the people and things that are in it. Children are being imaginative and act out what their parents do for example they play kitchen and mums and dads. This is an understanding of the world and everyday life. The materials that are used in this play are dressing up, plastic food, play kitchens, doll houses and push chairs. Children can express their feelings through pretend play because they may act out something that has happened to them before. It’s also an opportunity to talk to children about feelings and emotions. When children are pretend playing they are making up stories of their own for example they play ‘schools/ teachers’ and make up what’s going to happen. Children are developing their language skills through this and also their social skills because they will be playing with other children and sharing ideas of their own. Children are learning and developing how to problem solve because they all might want to be the teacher but they can’t so they will need to work out how they are going to do this. Physical play is any activity that you do when your body is involved with movement. The materials that are used in this play are bikes, skipping ro pes, footballs, hopping, hopscotch and apparatus. Physical activity helps develop children’s health and growth development. When children physical play they are improving their physical skills and it provides children with feelings of accomplishment, positive self-esteem and a sense of power and freedom. Children are improving their  gross motor skills because physical play involves coordination, jumping, running and balancing, anything to do with their feet and legs. Manipulative play is a play that involves children building and fitting things together. This play helps children develop their fine motor skills and hand co-ordination. It helps children become more confident in using different objects and equipment they will use as they get older. The materials that are used in this play are building blocks, puzzles and Lego/ Duplo. Children become increasingly skilful with their hands, and it also encourages them to think about their actions, plan them, and learn through trial-and-error. Manipulative play also helps childre n to learn the most suitable ways of performing certain actions. Discovery play is allowing children to learn about the world and how it works. Children grow in self-confidence and to experiment and investigate new things, to form new relationships and to develop as individuals. Discovery play is for children to explore, investigate and make sense of the world around them. They can feel the changes in the weather, discover the natural world and move and develop their physical strength. 3. Questions You have been asked to work with a group of children to make paper hats for a party. What type of play is this? This is creative play. How can you make sure that each child makes a hat in their own way? To make sure that each child makes a hat in their own way you could talk to them and help gather their own ideas to put them on their hat. Encourage the children to do it how they want to and not what everyone else is doing. What equipment and materials would you need? The equipment and materials that you need are glue, aprons, stickers, glitter, feathers, sequins, scissors, colouring pencils, cello tape and stapler. Can you describe what pretend play is? Pretend plays are children being imaginative and make believing. What are the different forms of pretend play? The different forms of pretend play are role play, domestic play, fantasy play, imaginative play, super hero play and socio dramatic play. What equipment or items can be used in pretend play? The equipment that can be used in pretend play is play kitchens, tea sets, and dress up, plastic food, card board boxes, books, dolls house, doctors set, plastic babies, teddies, plastic phones, apparatus and cutlery. How can pretend play fit in with the Early Years Curriculum? Pretend play fits in with the Early Years Curriculum by doing a theme. Within my placement my class had monsters week and children had to dress up as monsters at the end of the week. What are the benefits of physical play? The benefits of physical play are that children develop stronger immune systems and it improves focus and concentration. Physical play can promote problem solving skills and leadership skills. Children respond to their peers feelings while waiting for their turn and sharing their experiences, this helps develop their social and emotional development. Physical play contributes to children’s fine manipulative and gross motor development and body awareness as they use their bodies in activities. This helps their physical development. What type of equipment can be used for physical play and how can this help children develop? What age ranges this is suitable for? The type of equipment that can be used for physical play can be apparatus; this can help children develop their physical development. They are using their gross motor skills and fine motor skills because they are using their hands to grab and pull themselves up and they are using their feet to push themselves up, balance and climb over. The age ranges that are suitable for this would be 3-12 years old. What large pieces of equipment are there and which ones are particularly popular with the children? How do they use them? Within my placement they have slides, tunnels and tricycles in the playground. The tricycles and slides are the ones that are most popular with the children. The children that play with the tricycles they pretend that they are on motorbikes and make the sounds of it. Some children like to race with each other. Many skills are developed when riding a tricycle such as the ability of know when to slow down and speed up, pedal and steer. The slides, children learn to balance and build up their self-esteem. Children see slides as a challenge when they climb and they enjoy playing on it. What is manipulative play and can you give examples? Manipulative play is building and fitting things together. Examples; Lego Train set Puzzles Building blocks What are the benefits of manipulative play? The benefits of manipulative play are that children can work together, or on their own building blocks and this helps develop their social development. Children are developing their fine and gross motor skills, using their fingers to pick up the pieces. Also they are developing hand- eye coordination because if the child was doing a jigsaw they are looking where the puzzle piece may fit. Children are developing their language skills when playing with friends. When children have completed their activity such as a train set they will sense achievement because they completed it on their own, they may even set themselves a goal and do something a bit harder. What equipment can be used in manipulative play, what are the benefits and age ranges? Duplo can be used in manipulative play, the benefits of this are that children can gain confidence because there is no right way in playing with this equipment. Children are using hand-eye coordination and their fine manipulative skills. The suitab le age for this is 18 months- 5 years old. What is discovery play and can you give me some examples? Discovery play is playing that helps children learn and explore new things and how to use and play with them. Examples; Sand and water pit Farm yards Plasticine and play dough Cars What materials can be used to encourage discovery play? Buttons Pebbles Pasta Different coloured paper Rice How could children combine play? Children can combine play by putting toys with another. Examples; Sand pit with dinosaurs. Water with boats, plastic sea creatures or cups. Playing with the Play dough in the kitchen, making things, pretend food. Case study questions 1. How is this type of language helping Ayse develop her language? It helps develop Ayses language because it encourages to communicate with other children when she is around them. 2. What other skills is Ayse learning?  She is using her fine manipulative skills, sensory and thinking skills. 3. Why is it important that the child minder is ready to join in and support this type of play? It’s important that the child minder is ready to join in and support this type of play because it will give Ayse ideas on what to use to pretend feed her teddy. The child minder can make sure that Ayse is safe when playing and is calm. 4. What is treasure basket play and Heuristic play? Treasure basket play is a play that babies use, it’s a basket that has a variety of toys in that are suitable for the child to play with. The baby can choose what they want to play with and it gives them a chance to explore the different toys inside the basket. They can touch, shake, licking, banging and dropping. The materials that are used in this play are corks, shells, string, sponges, leather wallet and metal scoop. Heuristic play is a play that children use who are mobile and have moved on from treasure basket play. It encourages children to explore through the use of children’s senses. The types of things that are put out for the child to explore would be everyday objects. Children do anything to find out what they can and can’t do with the objects that they have been given, they will put things together or put them on top of each other. The materials that are used for this play are cork, plastic bracelets, pompoms, pegs and different sized bottles. The role of the adult is to show what the children need to do because they aren’t going to know what to do with the things in the basket. Showing the children what to do gives them ideas on what else they might be able to do with it. Children love to explore with the different objects.  When the children are playing the adult shouldn’t interfere and just supervise them because they want to explore on their own, only interfere if children need your help. You should have objects that babies can put in their mouth because that’s the first thing babies will do with whatever they have in front of them, it’s how they feel the object. Babies can only grip objects, they aren’t able to feel with their hands properly which is why they put the objects in their mouth.

The Theory of Michelangelo’s Architecture

Michelangelo’s architecture was revolutionary to say the least when observed against the backdrop of the then accepted norms in architecture and arts in general. During his time, architects usually think of architecture and arts in universal terms as seeing the works per se as composed of mathematical numbers (measurements) or geometry. Artists of the Renaissance period expressed their arts in more commonly in abstract forms. Michelangelo, on the other hand, feels, sees, and would interact with his art as though it is an animated thing (p 38). Indeed, it is enlightening to approach a structural design through the lenses of such a genius as the Master. It is important to get enough acquaintance with the anatomy of the whole thing. For Michelangelo, the building is not just a building, but like the human body, it lives and breathes; therefore he could look at a structure and see every part of it as having its unique and special function – as nose, eyes, arms, and other parts of the body have their own special purposes for the proper functioning of the whole physique to the full benefit of the man. While the writers of medieval times would draw their ideas of architectural outline from the human anatomy, most of them do not conceive of the body as a life form. When drawing from the human body any architectural ideas, the assumed perception is that the body is a miniature of the universe with all its parts functioning in perfect harmony. This perfect synchronization though, according to the prevailing notions of the artists of those days, could not be achieved practically since – according to them – it was only an ideal and therefore could not be possibly realized in actuality. Hence, the use of numbers and measurements – in short, geometrical approach. For example, one can just look at the available models, such as those crafted by Francisco Di Giorgio (ideal church plan p. 39), and Cesariano (the Vitruvian Figure, 1521 p 40). The said models, as can be observed, are both replicas of the human body. These architectural designs were common in medieval period. Michelangelo’s attitude was somewhat off tangent when compared to his peers. Indeed, he was different and was very free in terms of his individuality, especially as it was applied to his works. Whereas his contemporaries have chosen to settle for the perfections of mathematical figures/measurements, Michelangelo argued for (as attested in his works) the â€Å"motions† and the â€Å"emotions. For Michelangelo, everything from the observer to the object – including the vast backdrop of the surroundings – are all interconnected, that when an artist sets himself to plan a building, he should consider the presumed interplay between the object (the architectural design of the building), its backdrop (the environment), and the observer. Remember, the structural design for Michelangelo was a dynamic thing which exerts its influence to the observers.

John F Kennedey essays

John F Kennedey essays If somebody wants to shoot me with a rifle from the window, nobody cant stop it, so why worry about it. The president was a little afraid, unfortunately what the president said it came truth. John F. Kennedy served years as president from January 20,1961 to November 22,1963. John F. Kennedy was the youngest president . He also died John F. Kennedy was born in Brookline Massachusetts in May 29,1917 He died in November 22,1963 in Dallas Texas John F. Kennedy was married to Lovely Jacqueline Lee Bouvier. They had two precious children Caroline Bouvier Kennedy and John Jr. Kennedy. The surviving family member of his family is his family is his wonderful daughter Caroline Bouvier Kennedy. John F. Kennedy Began his political career in the Navy, was a Congressman, and US senator. Kennedy had to faced many problems of racial discrimination that was going on the United States. In 1954 the US supreme Court had to ruled that segregation in public schools. That meant that the colored people had to have their own school. All the white had the better schools . So Kennedy thought of making a law for that racial discrimination. Throughout the southern United States did not obey the law. That was his major accomplishments that he did for the USA. John F. Kennedy was known before he was president as a journalist, and author. After he was they knew him as the president that did a lot for the colored people A really brave man that took a lot of critism through out the USA, just because he was against racial discrimination. One interest fact is that he liked sailing,swimming Also did you know that John F. Kennedy had rumors going on in early 1947. That he had a romance with Durie Malcom. That romance started in January 20,1947 that was in New York. The rumors did lasted long period of time until 1961. The ...

Catherine and Rodolfo Essays

Catherine and Rodolfo Essays Catherine and Rodolfo Paper Catherine and Rodolfo Paper The relationship between Catherine and Rodolfo also creates tension throughout the characters, and this is easily picked up on by the audience. In Eddies view they almost taunt him with it by flaunting it in front of him, and the audience can see that it is Eddies inability to control himself when faced with these situations that will lead to his downfall. This is particularly poignant right after Eddies confrontation with Rodolfo about them coming home late. Rodolfo is shown to turn down an invitation to dance with Catherine in deference to Eddie. However this is to great avail as both Catherine and Beatrice, who also wants to show Eddie up at this moment, pressure him into it. Catherine is shown to say, Come on, and Beatrice: Go ahead, dance, in approval. These create tension because it demonstrates that no one agrees with Eddie, or just doesnt care what he thinks, and the audience knows that with Eddies personality this will greatly upset him and he will probably do something rash, especially as it is his own wife who has turned against him. When Catherine and Rodolfo start dancing against Eddies wishes, he feels threatened and that his authority has been destroyed: (Eddie Freezes), this shows that Eddie has been almost rooted to the spot by Catherines suggestion that she and Rodolfo should dance. The word freeze has connotations with being motionless and shocked, this could indicate that Eddie feels he has been undermined and is too taken aback to do anything, the fact that he is frozen to the spot, implies that this may be the first time he has been deliberately disobeyed, and that he may decide to blame it on Rodolfo as Eddie thinks he is the cause of all his problems. This creates tension because the audience can see that Eddie is slowly losing control and may finally lose it. After they have finished dancing the stage directions say that Eddie: has been unconsciously twisting the newspaper into a tight rolland it suddenly tears in two. This is a very important part in the scene as on the one hand, the newspaper represents Eddies state of mind and when it tears it shows that Eddie has finally snapped, and is about to do something. But on the other hand it could be used to represent one of Rodolfos limbs, and the fact that Eddie may want to rip him to pieces for defying him. This creates tension for the audience as they have never really seen Eddie lose it before so they know that it does not happen very often an as a result will probably be violent, and also for the fact that he is becoming more and more aggressive, and so whatever is going to happen will probably be soon. This is shown in the next thing Eddie does when he teaches Rodolfo to fight. Eddie says, put sumpm behind it, you cant hurt me, The phrase you cant hurt me, could be Eddie taunting Rodolfo saying that he is weak and that whatever he does Eddie will still be in control and have his authority. This would create tension because Eddie, although supposedly in jest, is fighting Rodolfo, which is something we know that he has wanted to do because he doesnt like him. The tension may also be related with Marco, who is Rodolfos brother and so will stick by him, as he is much stronger than Rodolfo and maybe even Eddie. Up till this point it has been shown that Marco is a neutral character and does not want to either defend Rodolfo or attack him, Eddie sees this as an excuse to use him as a weapon against him. Upon seeing that Rodolfo listens to, respects, and to some degree obeys Marco, Eddie utilises him in order to have more power and influence over Rodolfo. When the conversation about it, aint so free here (in America) either, becomes directed at Rodolfo, the stage directions show Eddie turning towards Marco and asking if he knows what I (Eddie) means, This may be because if Rodolfo thinks that Marco agrees with Eddie then he may as well. It may also mean that Eddie is trying to get approval for his indirect attack on Rodolfo, or even for Marco to back him up and talk to Rodolfo for Eddie, as if he were in fact a parent figure to Rodolfo. Marco says to everyone in the room: if he does wrong you must tell him. [To Eddie] What does he do wrong? and he repeats twice to Rodolfo that he must, come home early now. This emphasizes Marcos parental role over Rodolfo, which creates tension because it firstly shows that Marco is listening to Eddie, and to some degree is doing what he says, but also that Eddie and Marco share some similarities in that they both have family members who are they are not the parents of, yet both feel the need to act as a father figure towards that family member, and to some extent, more in Eddie than Marco, to tell them how to live their lives. This would make the audience feel uneasy, as they do not know what will happen to the relationships in the play if Marco starts agreeing with Eddie. Eddies deteriorating relationship with Marco do not improve this situation, and so helps to create tension. The last scene we see in Act 1 creates enormous amounts of tension for Act 2 by furthering the exploration of masculinity, and Eddies need to control, and feel like he is still in charge. Marco demonstrates this at the end of the scene through challenging Eddie to lift the chair from the leg. Eddie is shown to feel that his masculinity is put into question when he fails to lift the chair, and then his authority and leadership removed when Marco can. We can see from the stage directions that Eddie feels threatened by this, and his ego badly wounded. Eddie tries to shrug this off by saying: its on an angle, thats why, heh? This cover up may be an attempt to lighten the mood, and if Eddie treats it as a joke then the rest of the family will as well, and it will take their minds off the fact that his strength has failed him. However, Eddies grin, which is most likely the remains of the attempted explanation, is soon removed as Miller shows his grin vanishes as he absorbs his (Marcos) look, this is a direct result of Marco being able to lift the chair and when he does the stage directions say: and he (Marco) transforms what may appear like a glare of warning into a smile of triumph, On one hand this may suggest sadness on Eddies part, as his ego has just been greatly dented. However, it may also be a result of Marcos glare of warning and is in fact Eddie trying to control his anger at Marcos blatant hostility. This creates tension for the audience because up till now they have always believed Marco to be the one neutral character in the play, just over there to send money home, but now it seems like he is taking an active part, and defending Rodolfo against Eddies slanderous onslaught. In conclusion, I feel that Arthur Miller creates tension in the climax to Act 1 in A View From The Bridge, in many different ways. These include the exploration and presentation of many of the key themes that Miller has sewn throughout the play, comprising mainly of: masculinity, incest, Greek tragedy, jealousy, pride and obsession. He uses surprise, and a factor of the unknown to keep the audience in suspense as to when Eddie will lose control, but never in doubt to the fact that he will. All in all Miller uses a variety of techniques and themes to create tension for the audience and keep them in suspense for the whole play, and successfully draws on this to build huge climaxes at many points.

Strategies for Building Effective Relationships Research Paper - 1

Strategies for Building Effective Relationships - Research Paper Example Is it possible to add new features to the existing product or entirely a new product needs to be developed? Where do the company’s products stand in comparison to competition in terms of overall acceptability? While marketing department’s feedback will help ascertain the key features required for a new product, the design department will help develop a product with those features. Developing a product with good aesthetics is also the responsibility of the design department. The costing department will put its efforts in keeping the cost as low as possible because that is the mantra for enhancing its acceptability. While marketing department emphasizes on ‘optimal pricing of the product’ as one of the essential requirements, the production and process department of the company will assess whether the current setup of machinery and equipment is sufficient to produce a new product commercially or any further investment on capital equipment is required. If addi tional investment is necessary, the finance department will have to explore whether it is feasible to manage those funds at all and if yes, then at what cost? The point is that while developing a new product, the project leader needs to coordinate with numerous departments and extract their expertise successfully. It is indeed a challenging job as none of the department directly reports the project leader. The project leader needs to exhibit exemplary leadership qualities to complete the task given by the company management. He needs to resolve conflict situation that may arise time to time between the departments of the company and their office-bearers, especially when it is known that the last project leader failed to resolve conflicting situations with peer managers and supervisors. While developing a new product through participatory management, the role of a project leader is multifaceted. Primarily, they need to be creative and innovative with good empathy for the customer so that they can develop a product at an affordable cost that is unique and no one else offers in the marketplace. At the same time, they must assess the company's strength accurately to deliver such a product on a commercial scale within a stipulated period. They also need to take some key decisions on final product design or features after great deliberations within the organization that may have long-term repercussions on the company. That is where they need to be visionary too. Prima facie, it may appear that the project leader functions as a coordinator and facilitator in the development of a new product but their success will largely depend upon how accurately and precisely, they can resolve all issues that may crop up during the developmental phase and in that sense, their leadershi p role takes over all other roles.

Baroque Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Baroque Art - Essay Example . The Roman Catholic Church endorsed the Baroque style because of the vitality and emotions that it could bring to the church. However, Baroque style was not just limited to the church; it was used in everyday life. Baroque style paintings were overly exaggerated and showed serious events in life. In terms of Baroque sculptures, Bernini was the most famous Baroque style architect. Baroque architecture stressed importance on domes and columns within a structure. Baroque theatre brought the viewing experience into a whole new era. The stage became much more of a focal point and would constantly change to fit the scene on hand. Many Baroque elements from the theatre are still in use today. Baroque literature gave importance to man and his role within the world. Music of the era relied upon the use of ground bass. Some famous Baroque composers were Handel and J.S. Bach. After the Baroque era, the Classical era came along. Music from this era was much less complex than that of the Baroque era and a variety of melodies and rhythms were used. In Classical orchestras, the music pieces were composed of smaller parts and did not place reliance upon an individual instrument as an the Baroque era. The Baroque genre originated out of Italy in the early 1600’s and spread throughout the rest of Europe. There were many different forms of Baroque in paintings, sculptures, architecture, literature, philosophy, and music. The Baroque genre is distinctive for evoking emotions in those who show an interest in it.